Tubular space trusses with simple and reinforced end-flattened nodes-an overview and experiments





1. Introduction

The use of spatial structures worldwide is becoming more frequent due to their economy

and versatility. These structural systems, basically composed of bars and nodes, enable

the development of a very efficient three-dimensional mesh of various shapes, enabling

easy expansion, and even allowing it to be dismantled, moved away and assembled in

another site. The empty spaces between chords present in these structures can be used

to accommodate service facilities. Another interesting feature is related to its capacity to

easily incorporate cladding and finishing surfaces.

The main difference between the major spatial systems is associated with the choice of

structural connections. The complexity of the different types of nodes is the main factor

for the cost difference between the systems. Another possible difference is related to the

various geometries associated with the structural system i.e., square on square, diagonal

on square, etc. In Brazil, due to economic reasons, the most adopted connection uses in

the nodes stacked end-flattened bars connected by a single large diameter bolt. This type

of joint is the simplest and therefore cheaper to manufacture. However, it has two main

disadvantages: the generated eccentricity force and a reduction of stiffness in the bar due

to the end-flattening process.


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