Seismic Design of Cast-in-Place Concrete Diaphragms, Chords, and Collectors A Guide for Practicing Engineers




1. Introduction
Building structures generally comprise a three-dimensional framework of structural elements configured to support gravity and lateral loads. Although the complete three-dimensional system acts integrally to resist loads, we commonly conceive of the seismic force-resisting system as being composed of vertical elements, horizontal elements, and the foundation (Figure 1-1). The vertical elements extend between the foundation and the elevated levels, providing a continuous load path to transmit gravity and seismic forces from the upper levels to the foundation. The horizontal elements typically consist of diaphragms, including collectors. Diaphragms transmit inertial forces from the floor system to the vertical elements of the seismic force-resisting system. They also tie the vertical elements together and thereby stabilize and transmit forces among these elements as may be required during earthquake shaking. Diaphragms are thus an essential part of the seismic force-resisting system and require design attention by the structural engineer to ensure the structural system performs adequately during earthquake shaking.


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