Foundation Engineering Design and Construction in Tropical Soils







Foundation Engineering:

Design and Construction in

Tropical Soils

Edited by

Bujang B.K. Huat

University Putra Malaysia, Malaysia

Faisal Haji Ali

University of Malaya, Malaysia

Husaini Omar

University Putra Malaysia, Malaysia

Harwant Singh

University Malaysia Sarawak, Malaysia





Preface

Almost all structures constructed on earth will transmit their load to the earth through their foundation.

In other words, foundation is the lowest part of a structure, which is in contact with the soil

and transmits the load of the structure to the ground. Therefore the design of the foundation is very

important to ensure the stability of the structure it supports. Foundations are generally divided into

two categories – shallow foundation and deep foundation.

A shallow foundation is foundation built near or at ground (soil) or rock surface. This foundation

is placed on firm soil near the ground and beneath the lowest part of the superstructure. Examples

of these foundations are pad footing and spread footing. Deep foundation on the other hand is

foundation that transmits structural loads to deeper soils or rock layers that are far from the surface.

This foundation is constructed on a soil that is not firm, and transmits the load of the structure

considerably below the ground of the lowest part of the superstructure. Deep foundations can be

divided into two categories, that is pile foundation and drilled pier foundation or caisson. Piles are

normally columns made of concrete, wood, plastic or steel that are driven into the ground. Drilled

pier or caisson on the other hand is a special pile made of cast in situ concrete inside a bored or

drilled hole.


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