Micro-Nano Technology for Genomics and Proteomics BioMEMs - Ozkan
Preface
Numerous miniaturized DNA microarray, DNA chip, Lab on a Chip and biosensor devices
have been developed and commercialized. Such devices are improving the way many important
genomic and proteomic analyses are performed in both research and clinical diagnostic
laboratories. The development of these technologies was enabled by a synergistic combination
of disciplines that include microfabrication, microfluidics, MEMS, organic chemistry
and molecular biology. Some of these newdevices and technologies utilize sophisticated microfabrication
processes developed by the semiconductor industry. Microarrays with large
numbers of test sites have been developed which employ photolithography combinatorial
synthesis techniques or ink jet type printing deposition methods to produce high-density
DNA microarrays. Other microarray technologies have incorporated microelectrodes to
produce electric fields which are able to affect the transport and hybridization of DNA
molecules on the surface of the device. As remarkable as this generation of devices and
technological appears, the advent of new nanoscience and nanofabrication techniques will
lead to even further miniaturization, higher integration and another generation of devices
with higher performance properties. Thus, in some sense these devices and systems will
follow a similar evolution as did microelectronics in going from 8 bit, to 16 bit to 32 bit
technology. Where feature sizes for integrated components of microelectronic devices is
now well into the submicron scale, nanoscale biodevices will soon follow. Likewise, the potential
applications for this newgeneration of micro/nanoarray, lab on a chip and nanosensor
devices is also broadening into areas of whole genome sequencing, biowarfare agent detection,
and remote environmental sensing and monitoring. Today the possibility of making
highly sophisticated smart micro/nano scale in-vivo diagnostic and therapeutic delivery
devices is being seriously considered.
Nevertheless, considerable problems do exist. Unfortunately, many applications for
these bioresearch or biomedically related devices do not have the large consumer markets
that will drive and fund their development. The economic forces which drive the development
of high volume retail consumer microelectronic and optoelectonic devices (such
as computers, cell phones, digital cameras, and fiber optic communications), are not there
for most bioresearch or biomedical devices. Thus, it is very common to see so-called
“good” technologies in the bioresearch and biomedical device area fail somewhere along
the arduous path to commercialization. This is particularly true for any biomedical device
or system which has to go through the regulatory process. Frequently, the problem relates to
the inability to economically manufacture a viable device for commercialization as opposed
to a working prototype device. Thus, a key aspect for achieving final success for our new
generation of bioresearch and biomedical micro/nano biodevices will be the corresponding
development of both viable and efficient nanofabrication and micro/nano integration
processes.
The Volume II: Micro/Nano Technologies for Genomics and Proteomics presents a
wide range of exciting new science and technology, and includes key sections on DNA
micro/nanoarrays which additional chapters on peptide arrays for proteomics and drug
discovery, new dielectrophoretic cell separation systems and new nanofabrication and integration
processes; advanced microfluidic devices for the human genome project (whole
genome sequencing); and final section on nanoprobes for imaging and sensing. Overall this
volume should be of considerable value for a wide range of multidisciplinary scientists
and engineers who are either working in or interested in bionanotechnology and the next
generation of micro/nano biomedical and clinical diagnostic devices.
Download
*
Preface
Numerous miniaturized DNA microarray, DNA chip, Lab on a Chip and biosensor devices
have been developed and commercialized. Such devices are improving the way many important
genomic and proteomic analyses are performed in both research and clinical diagnostic
laboratories. The development of these technologies was enabled by a synergistic combination
of disciplines that include microfabrication, microfluidics, MEMS, organic chemistry
and molecular biology. Some of these newdevices and technologies utilize sophisticated microfabrication
processes developed by the semiconductor industry. Microarrays with large
numbers of test sites have been developed which employ photolithography combinatorial
synthesis techniques or ink jet type printing deposition methods to produce high-density
DNA microarrays. Other microarray technologies have incorporated microelectrodes to
produce electric fields which are able to affect the transport and hybridization of DNA
molecules on the surface of the device. As remarkable as this generation of devices and
technological appears, the advent of new nanoscience and nanofabrication techniques will
lead to even further miniaturization, higher integration and another generation of devices
with higher performance properties. Thus, in some sense these devices and systems will
follow a similar evolution as did microelectronics in going from 8 bit, to 16 bit to 32 bit
technology. Where feature sizes for integrated components of microelectronic devices is
now well into the submicron scale, nanoscale biodevices will soon follow. Likewise, the potential
applications for this newgeneration of micro/nanoarray, lab on a chip and nanosensor
devices is also broadening into areas of whole genome sequencing, biowarfare agent detection,
and remote environmental sensing and monitoring. Today the possibility of making
highly sophisticated smart micro/nano scale in-vivo diagnostic and therapeutic delivery
devices is being seriously considered.
Nevertheless, considerable problems do exist. Unfortunately, many applications for
these bioresearch or biomedically related devices do not have the large consumer markets
that will drive and fund their development. The economic forces which drive the development
of high volume retail consumer microelectronic and optoelectonic devices (such
as computers, cell phones, digital cameras, and fiber optic communications), are not there
for most bioresearch or biomedical devices. Thus, it is very common to see so-called
“good” technologies in the bioresearch and biomedical device area fail somewhere along
the arduous path to commercialization. This is particularly true for any biomedical device
or system which has to go through the regulatory process. Frequently, the problem relates to
the inability to economically manufacture a viable device for commercialization as opposed
to a working prototype device. Thus, a key aspect for achieving final success for our new
generation of bioresearch and biomedical micro/nano biodevices will be the corresponding
development of both viable and efficient nanofabrication and micro/nano integration
processes.
The Volume II: Micro/Nano Technologies for Genomics and Proteomics presents a
wide range of exciting new science and technology, and includes key sections on DNA
micro/nanoarrays which additional chapters on peptide arrays for proteomics and drug
discovery, new dielectrophoretic cell separation systems and new nanofabrication and integration
processes; advanced microfluidic devices for the human genome project (whole
genome sequencing); and final section on nanoprobes for imaging and sensing. Overall this
volume should be of considerable value for a wide range of multidisciplinary scientists
and engineers who are either working in or interested in bionanotechnology and the next
generation of micro/nano biomedical and clinical diagnostic devices.
Download
*