A Precast Bridge Bent System for Seismic Regions
1. INTRODUCTION
The topic of the evaluation of the orientation of 90° and 180° of reinforcing bar hooks in concrete members was identified by the Concrete Reinforcing Steel Institute (CRSI) as highpriority
for the reinforcing steel industry.
The stress of longitudinal reinforcing steel of flexural elements is often developed
at the end of a concrete member by a 90° or 180° standard hook that is
usually oriented in the vertical direction. In some
instances, such as the case of a shallow member
that is heavily reinforced with steel deformed
reinforcing bars, the standard hook height in
accordance with ACI 318-08 plus concrete cover
above and below the bar may exceed the thickness of
the concrete member and the reinforcing bar must
be tilted. A construction example can be seen in Figure 1.1. ( 1
Photos used with permission from Jack Gibbons of CRSI.)
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