Evaluation of the Orientation of 90 and 180 Reinforcing Bar Hooks





1. INTRODUCTION

The topic of the evaluation of the orientation of 90° and 180° of reinforcing bar hooks in concrete members was identified by the Concrete Reinforcing Steel Institute (CRSI) as highpriority

for the reinforcing steel industry. The stress of longitudinal reinforcing steel of flexural elements is often developed at the end of a concrete member by a 90° or 180° standard hook that is usually oriented in the vertical direction. In some instances, such as the case of a shallow member that is heavily reinforced with steel deformed reinforcing bars, the standard hook height in accordance with ACI 318-08 plus concrete cover above and below the bar may exceed the thickness of the concrete member and the reinforcing bar must be tilted. A construction example can be seen in Figure 1.1. ( 1 Photos used with permission from Jack Gibbons of CRSI.)







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