Chapter Frequently Asked Questions About Composite Materials
References And Selected Bibliography
Chapter Properties Of Constituent Materials: Concrete, Steel, Polymers,
And Fibers
Introduction
Ingredients Of Concrete
Aggregates
Cement
Admixtures
Types Of Concrete
Classification Based On Unit Weight
Classification Based On Strength
Strength Of Concrete
Strength Characteristics Of Concrete
Stress–Strain Relationship
Modulus Of Elasticity Of Concrete
Flexural Strength Of Concrete
Splitting Strength Of Concrete
Poisson’s Ratio
Shear Modulus Of Concrete
Reinforcing Steel
Hotrolled Round Bars
Constituents Of Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) Composites
Polymers
Reinforced Concrete Design
General Characteristics
Thermoplastic Polymers
General
Common Thermoplastic Polymers
Thermoset Polymers
General
Commercially Available Thermoset Matrixes
Polyester Resins
Vinyl Ester Resins
Epoxies
Phenolics
Polyurethane Resins
Comparison Of Thermoplastic And Thermoset Resins
Properties Of Resins
Reinforcement (Fibers)
Glass Fibers
Carbon Fibers (Graphite Fibers)
General Description
Classification And Types
Manufacturing Of Carbon Fibers
Aramid Fibers (Kevlar Fibers)
General Description
Characteristics
Commercial Applications Of Aramid Fibers
Boron Fibers
Additives And Other Ingredients
Fillers
Fiber Surface Treatment (Sizing)
Reinforced Concrete Design
Glass Fibers
Carbon Fibers
Aramid Fibers
Properties Of Fibers
References
Chapter Manufacturing Of Composite Components
Introduction
Manufacturing Methods
Hand (Wet) Layup/Automated Layup
Pultrusion
Filament Winding
Resin Transfer Molding (RTM)
Sheet Molding Compound (SMC)
Seemann Composite Resin Infusion Molding Process
(SCRIMP)
Injection Molding
Compression Molding
Extrusion
Significance Of QC And QA In Manufacturing


References
Chapter Durability: Aging Of Composites
Introduction
Environmental Factors Affecting FRP Properties
Durability And Safety Factors
Physical, Chemical, And Thermal Aging
Coupling Agent And Interface
Factors Affecting FRP Properties
Effect Of Moisture
Effect Of Alkaline/Acid/Salt Solutions
Alkaline Effects
Acid Effects
Salt Effects
Effect Of Temperature
Effect Of Stress
Creep/Relaxation
Creep Rupture
Fatigue
Ultraviolet (UV) Radiation
Accelerated Aging
Time–Temperature–Stress Superposition Principle
The Arrhenius Principle
Accelerated Aging Methodology
Manufacturing And Durability
Current Gaps In Durability Analysis
References
Chapter Strengthening Of Structural Members
Introduction
Reinforced Concrete Design
Bonding Concrete Beams With FRPER
Types Of FRP Systems
Advantages And Limitations Of FRP Composite Wraps For
Reinforced Concrete Members
Fiber Wrap Technology Applications: Case Studies
Kattenbausch Bridge, Germany
Ibaach Bridge, Lucerne, Switzerland
City Hall Of Gossau, St Gall, Switzerland
Column Wrapping At Hotel Nikko, Beverly Hills,
California, USA
Column Wrapping Projects By Caltrans For Seismic
Resistance, USA
Column Wrapping For Corrosion Prevention, USA
Florida Department Of Transportation, USA
Sins Wooden Bridge, Switzerland
South Temple Bridge, Interstate (I), Utah, USA
East Street Viaduct, West Virginia, USA
Muddy Creek Bridge, West Virginia, USA
Compatibility Of Steelreinforced Concrete And FRPER
The ACI Guide Specifications
Introduction
Shipping And Storage
Reinforced Concrete Design
Mechanisms Of Polymer Degradation
Handling
Installation
Substrate Preparation
Surface Preparation
Application Of Constituents
Design Properties Of FRPER And Constituents
Design Properties Of FRPER
Strength Reduction Factors
FRP Reinforcement For Flexural Strengthening